Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Tripartite Separation of Powers (Part I) Japanese version 1. Introduction We, VECTION, are preparing an essay on the preferable way of dividing power in governance. In this essay, we study the current division of power and propose a new approach. So, as the first step toward this goal, the tripartite separation of powers will be examined. Let us…

Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Tripartite Separation of Powers (Part II) — Japanese version Previous Article 1. The tripartite separation of powers has a two-layered structure between the people and the government Japan, the U.S., European countries, and other countries use the tripartite separation of powers to divide the state's authority. It comprises the “three powers” (“executive,” “judiciary,” and “legislative”), and also the “people” as the subject of evaluation, namely the sovereign.

Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Tripartite Separation of Powers (Part III, 1/2) — Japanese version Previous Article 1. Introducing “the world” as the third layer The relationship between “the people” and “the government” seems to be a two-layered structure with an underlying problem. Consider it from a broader perspective. The existence of a nation requires not only the people and the government but also the environment that surrounds them.

Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Tripartite Separation of Powers (Part III, 2/2) — Japanese version Previous Article 2. three-layer cycle and control between layers, emergency reversal Let’s consider the inter-layer control direction and hierarchical structure in a three-layer cycle. We will explain with the example below. Since democracy is the people’s sovereignty, the government is (or should be) controlled by the people.

Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Tripartite Separation of Powers (Part IV) — Japanese version Previous Article The three-layer cycle and the tripartite separation of powers seem similar and easily confused; however, they are entirely different structures. We will explain it below in terms of comparison with the separation of powers. Each layer is not a homogeneous monolith but has an internal structure…

Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Tripartite Separation of Powers (Part V, 1/2) — Japanese version Previous Article 1. Three-Layer Cycle Structure The three-layer circle structure as a division of power is achieved when the arrows representing the direction of the control channels keep one direction for the entire cycle. As shown in the example of the 3-layer cycle during a natural disaster, if any one of the…

Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Tripartite Separation of Powers (Part V, 2/2) Japanese version Previous Article 3. Direction of the Cycles: Reversal ( Reverse Direction )

Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Tripartite Separation of Powers (Part VI) — Japanese version Previous Article The division of power is a two-layered structure consisting of “the people” and “the government. We proposed that the division of power should be considered in three layers, adding “the world” to it. …

Fixing Vulnerabilities in the Tripartite Separation of Powers (Appendix) — Japanese version Previous Article